{"id":6116,"date":"2025-10-08T21:49:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T21:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?p=6116"},"modified":"2025-11-09T11:54:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T11:54:49","slug":"gouvernance-et-depolitisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/gouvernance-et-depolitisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Gouvernance et d\u00e9politisation"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

La succession des gouvernements en France ces derniers mois met en lumi\u00e8re une tendance irr\u00e9sistible du pouvoir, exacerb\u00e9e depuis le d\u00e9ploiement des formes n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales au niveau mondial, celle de se repr\u00e9senter comme une \u00e9quipe d’ \u201cexperts\u201d charg\u00e9 avant tout de veiller aux int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques du secteur priv\u00e9 et de mettre en place des \u201csolutions\u201d aux \u201cprobl\u00e8mes\u201d publics.<\/p>\n

On se souvient (ou pas) de toute cette litt\u00e9rature sur le \u00ab\u00a0gouvernement des experts\u00a0\u00bb \u2013 qu\u2019on s\u2019en indigne ou pas \u2013 ou encore des r\u00e9flexions autour du concept foucaldien de \u201cgouvernementalit\u00e9\u201d, ou encore de \u201cgouvernance\u201d.<\/p>\n

Le \u00ab\u00a0recours aux experts\u00a0\u00bb l\u00e9gitimant le gouvernement a de nombreux effets, parfaitement conscients et d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

1. Il tend \u00e0 d\u00e9politiser le gouvernement lui-m\u00eame, assimilant tous ses acteurs \u00e0 des hauts fonctionnaires politiquement neutres (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire, \u00ab\u00a0au centre\u00a0\u00bb), au service de l\u2019\u00c9tat et de la Nation \u2013 cens\u00e9s incarner, au-del\u00e0 des opinions et des d\u00e9bats politiques, la \u201cstabilit\u00e9\u201d, laquelle ne peut se trouver qu\u2019a l\u2019abri des querelles, dans une sph\u00e8re d\u2019objectivit\u00e9 suppos\u00e9e rationnelle. L\u2019importance des think tank, des cabinets conseils type McKinley s\u2019inscrit \u00e9videmment dans ce remplacement de la politique par la technique de gouvernement.<\/p>\n

2. Cette d\u00e9politisation est une des proc\u00e9dures id\u00e9ologiques fondatrices du n\u00e9olib\u00e9ralisme quand il prend le pouvoir\u00a0: elle renvoie tous les autres partis d\u2019opposition dans le champ de la \u201cpolitique\u201d sous entendu \u201cpartisane\u201d\u00a0: les opposants sont forc\u00e9ment irrationnels, na\u00effs, infantiles, mal intentionn\u00e9s, \u201cint\u00e9ress\u00e9s\u201d. Bref, les opposants font de la politique. Le gouvernement est donc a-politique. Et on voit se profiler ici le th\u00e8me classique aussi bien chez les n\u00e9olib\u00e9raux que chez les pseudo-d\u00e9mocrates (mais \u00e0 vrai dire, partout o\u00f9 s\u2019exerce un pouvoir) de \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019exc\u00e8s de d\u00e9mocratie\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

3. Ce ne sont pas seulement les acteurs gouvernementaux qui deviennent des administrateurs de la chose publique, calqu\u00e9s sur le mod\u00e8le du haut-fonctionnaire (suppos\u00e9 rempla\u00e7able, interchangeable\u00a0: je vous conseille \u00e0 ce sujet le film inoubliable et g\u00e9nial de Pierre Schoeller, l\u2019Exercice de l\u2019\u00c9tat\u00a0:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/<\/span>fr\u2027wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L’Exerci<\/span>ce_de_l’%C3%89tat<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

,
\nmais les th\u00e8mes et les \u201cprobl\u00e8mes\u201d mis \u00e0 l\u2019agenda qui sont eux-m\u00eames soigneusement \u201cd\u00e9politis\u00e9s\u201d\u00a0: non seulement toute la sph\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00ab\u00a0va de soi\u00a0\u00bb, ne devrait pas \u00eatre sujette \u00e0 d\u00e9bat (mais \u00e0 des r\u00e8glements techniques), l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de la croissance est tenu pour acquis, mais aussi en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 la totalit\u00e9 du social (le \u00ab\u00a0traitement\u00a0\u00bb des subalternes, largement fond\u00e9 sur la statistique et la num\u00e9risation). Il n\u2019y a l\u00e0 que des probl\u00e8mes techniques \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre. Les oppositions (qu\u2019elles soient de droite ou de gauche) sont victimes de biais id\u00e9ologiques qu\u2019elles seront forc\u00e9es d\u2019abandonner, contraintes par l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 (la dette, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, la guerre\u00a0!!!!), une fois qu\u2019elles atteindront le pouvoir (ce qu\u2019on a vu d\u2019ailleurs un peu partout quand les gauches acc\u00e8dent au pouvoir, m\u00eame si, ici ou l\u00e0, notamment en Am\u00e9rique Latine, les choses sont plus complexes et la \u201cd\u00e9politisation\u201d certainement pas aussi marqu\u00e9es qu\u2019en Europe)<\/p>\n

Tout cela tend \u00e9videmment \u00e0 faire oublier que la technopolitique est (comme disait Foucault) une biopolitique, et (comme disait Achille Mbembe) bien souvent une n\u00e9cropolitique. Rien n\u2019est plus id\u00e9ologiquement pr\u00e9gnant que les choix politiques n\u00e9olib\u00e9raux. Et rien n\u2019est plus irrationnel et d\u00e9lirant que le capitalisme, aujourd\u2019hui comme hier.<\/p>\n

Bref, tout se passe comme si, du point de vue du pouvoir en place actuellement, la politique \u00e9tait un gros mot. Notez bien, comme toujours, qu\u2019une partie de la population est d\u2019accord avec cela\u00a0: ce n\u2019est pas seulement le fait des classes bourgeoises de gouvernement, mais l\u2019id\u00e9e est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue dans la population qu\u2019un responsable de la chose publique ne devrait pas faire de politique, et beaucoup de gens se d\u00e9clarent eux-m\u00eames \u00ab\u00a0a-politiques\u00a0\u00bb, consid\u00e9rant que c\u2019est une vertu. (mais, leur r\u00e9torque-t-on \u00e0 raison\u00a0: si tu es apolitique, alors tu es de droite!)<\/p>\n

Ce n\u2019est pas seulement l\u2019imposition d\u2019un processus top-down, du haut vers le bas, mais une tendance lourde qui ne date pas d\u2019hier. Ah ! la gestion raisonn\u00e9e du bon p\u00e8re de famille ! Je note au passage que la perspective f\u00e9ministe, notamment celle de la seconde vague, ultra-politis\u00e9e, est plus que jamais d\u2019actualit\u00e9 : quand un gouvernement pr\u00e9tend trouver des \u201csolutions\u201d aux \u201cprobl\u00e8mes\u201d de la condition f\u00e9minine (sic) ou au racisme persistant ou \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, vous pouvez \u00eatre s\u00fbr que le premier objectif c\u2019est de faire taire les mouvements politiques f\u00e9ministes ou anti-racistes en leur coupant l’herbe sous le pied.<\/p>\n

C’est pourquoi la violence des techniques de gouvernance n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales ne se traduit pas tant dans la r\u00e9pression physique des manifestants – ces spectacles de la r\u00e9pression sont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 l’arbre qui cache la for\u00eat, c’est-\u00e0-dire la violence continue de la succession des lois, des r\u00e9galements, des d\u00e9crets, des institutions, qui passe sans faire de vagues, quotidiennement, dans les d\u00e9coupages en zones de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation des villes, les environnements toxiques o\u00f9 survivent les subalternes, dans les bureaux du l’assistance sociale, des officines du retour au travail, des institutions \u00e9ducatives et de sant\u00e9, dans l’espace public satur\u00e9 par les technologies de surveillance invisibles, jusque dans nos smartphones, \u00e0 travers l’empire du num\u00e9rique sur nos existences politiques, tout un syst\u00e8me d’apartheid soft qui mine et pr\u00e9carise et d\u00e9sesp\u00e8re et tue \u00e0 petit feu (la \u00ab\u00a0slow violence\u00a0\u00bb qu’ont th\u00e9matis\u00e9 Rob Nixon et tant d’autres). La violence est l\u00e0, partout, tellement habituelle qu’on n’y fait plus attention, et, comme toujours, elle est genr\u00e9e, racis\u00e9e, socialis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  La succession des gouvernements en France ces derniers mois met en lumi\u00e8re une tendance irr\u00e9sistible du pouvoir, exacerb\u00e9e depuis le d\u00e9ploiement des formes n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales au niveau mondial, celle de se repr\u00e9senter comme une \u00e9quipe d’ \u201cexperts\u201d charg\u00e9 avant tout de veiller aux int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques du secteur priv\u00e9 et de mettre en place des \u201csolutions\u201d…<\/p>\n Read More<\/span> Gouvernance et d\u00e9politisation<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"Layout":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[114,79],"tags":[46],"class_list":["entry","author-danah","post-6116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-democratie-2","category-neo-liberalismes","tag-politique"],"yoast_head":"\nGouvernance et d\u00e9politisation - 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