{"id":5999,"date":"2025-08-12T16:56:35","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?p=5999"},"modified":"2025-08-12T16:56:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:56:35","slug":"naturaliser-lesprit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/","title":{"rendered":"Naturaliser l’esprit"},"content":{"rendered":"

S’il y a bien un aspect du monde contemporain avec lequel je ne m’accorde absolument pas, c’est bien celui qui consiste \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0naturaliser\u00a0\u00bb les affections psychiques. Par exemple, je vois passer un message concernant la d\u00e9pression, qui dit clairement que toute tentative de lui donner du sens (c’est-\u00e0-dire de l’inscrire dans un champ narratif plus large, biographique, social ou politique par exemple, encore moins de la penser comme une exp\u00e9rience, un \u00e9pisode de l’existence dont on pourrait \u00ab\u00a0apprendre\u00a0\u00bb quelque chose) serait en r\u00e9duire la \u00ab\u00a0gravit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, une mani\u00e8re de ne pas la prendre au s\u00e9rieux.<\/p>\n

Ce faisant, on en fait quelque chose qui arrive, sans explication, de nulle part, dont il n’y a rien \u00e0 penser, une pure \u00ab\u00a0anomalie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale\u00a0\u00bb – except\u00e9 s’en plaindre et demander qu’elle soit \u00ab\u00a0reconnue\u00a0\u00bb – en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral par les pouvoirs publics ou \u00ab\u00a0l’opinion\u00a0\u00bb – et prise en charge d’une mani\u00e8re ou d’une autre.<\/p>\n

Je parle de la d\u00e9pression, mais c’est valable \u00e9videmment pour la plupart des affections psychiques et des \u00ab\u00a0particularit\u00e9s comportementales\u00a0\u00bb, etc..<\/p>\n

\u00c7a me pose \u00e9norm\u00e9ment de probl\u00e8mes. Intellectuellement d’abord : parce que, logiquement, si c’est une anomalie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale qui vous tombe dessus, naturelle donc (c’est pourquoi on parle de naturaliser le psychisme, convertir l’esprit en cerveau ou en une suite de \u00ab\u00a0comportements\u00a0\u00bb), alors la cons\u00e9quence est d’en demander le soin \u00e0 la m\u00e9decine et plus largement \u00e0 la science. Un cerveau ne parle pas, il n’est pas un sujet. On l’observe par neuro-imagerie. On \u00e9value statiquement des comportements (en dessinant des diagrammes, les fameux \u00ab\u00a0spectres\u00a0\u00bb cens\u00e9s d\u00e9crire les variations et les fr\u00e9quences comportementales, d’une mani\u00e8re abstraite, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en \u00e9vacuant d’abord par principe le fait qu’ils puissent avoir une signification).
\nEt politiquement : dans la mesure o\u00f9 la cons\u00e9quence logique est d’en r\u00e9f\u00e9rer in fine aux pouvoirs publics et \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat, \u00e0 qui sont adress\u00e9 une demande de reconnaissance et de prise en charge – autrement dit, c’est \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat de \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9pondre\u00a0\u00bb de la maladie, d’en parler, pas au patient, encore moins au sujet, qui se prive lui-m\u00eame et d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment de parole.<\/p>\n

Dans les ann\u00e9es 90, on plaisantait parfois en disant que les patients qui souffraient de d\u00e9pression n’arrivaient pas chez leur m\u00e9decin ou leur psy en disant qu’ils souffraient d’un faible taux de s\u00e9rotonine. Aujourd’hui, les temps ont chang\u00e9 : la plupart des gens ont tellement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 le discours m\u00e9dical, le principe de la naturalisation de la psych\u00e9 et de l’esprit (le dernier continent qui manquait dans la grande entreprise moderne de naturalisation de toutes choses, qui, notez-le, va de pair et s’articule fort bien avec le projet de transformation de toutes choses, m\u00eame nos int\u00e9riorit\u00e9s, en marchandises), qu’ils s’y soumettent avec z\u00e8le, voire, pire encore, en assurent le triomphe.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a ne signifie pas que la d\u00e9pression (pas moins que les autres \u00ab\u00a0affections psychiques\u00a0\u00bb, tout comme les actes cognitifs ou les \u00e9motions etc..) ne se \u00ab\u00a0voient\u00a0\u00bb pas dans le cerveau. Bien s\u00fbr que toutes les exp\u00e9riences que nous vivons se lisent aussi dans les corps, pour le dire tr\u00e8s vite, et qu’il faut recourir aux m\u00e9dicaments quand l’existence devient insupportable, et m\u00eame se battre pour obtenir un statut social particulier (par exemple, \u00eatre exempt\u00e9 de recherche de travail, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d’am\u00e9nagements sociaux-\u00e9conomiques, d’un statut d’handicap\u00e9 etc…). Mais \u00e7a ne dit pas tout, et m\u00eame, \u00e7a ne dit rien, du sens de ces affections. Le risque, m\u00eame, \u00e0 se focaliser exclusivement sur ces \u00ab\u00a0prises en charge\u00a0\u00bb m\u00e9dicales ou administratives, c’est de les priver a priori de toute signification, de rendre impossible de rien apprendre de ces exp\u00e9riences (et au fond, de les soustraire au champ des exp\u00e9riences de l’existence).<\/p>\n

L\u00e0, j’atteins le point o\u00f9 je ne peux vraiment pas me faire \u00e0 cet aspect de la modernit\u00e9. Je tiens mordicus \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e, \u00e0 la parole, au r\u00e9cit de soi complexe, \u00e0 la perspective critique et politique concernant la \u00ab\u00a0sant\u00e9 mentale\u00a0\u00bb comme ILS disent.<\/p>\n

S’il y en a que ces sujets (et mon point de vue) int\u00e9ressent, voici une tr\u00e8s br\u00e8ve bibliographie :
\n1. Les ouvrages classiques d’Alain Erhenberg, qui datent des ann\u00e9es 90, dans lesquels le sociologue avait tr\u00e8s bien per\u00e7u ce qui \u00e9tait en train de se jouer :<\/p>\n

Alain Ehrenberg, Le Culte de la performance<\/em>, Paris, Calmann-L\u00e9vy, 1991
\nAlain Ehrenberg, La Fatigue d\u2019\u00eatre soi \u2013 d\u00e9pression et soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, Paris, Odile Jacob, 1998<\/p>\n

2. Un livre tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant de Pierre Fedida, Des bienfaits de la d\u00e9pression : \u00e9loge de la psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/em>, Paris, Odile Jacob, 2001<\/p>\n

3. Pierre-Henri Castel, L’Esprit malade<\/em>, Paris, Ithaque, 2009<\/p>\n

4. Louis A. Sass, Les paradoxes du d\u00e9lire<\/em> (The Paradoxes of Delusion: Wittgenstein, Schreber and the Schizophrenic Mind<\/em>, 1995), traduction fran\u00e7aise P.H. Castel, Ithaque \u00c9ditions, 2010)<\/p>\n

dont j’ai parl\u00e9 ici :
\nhttps:\/\/<\/span>outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?<\/span>s=sass<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Et par exemple, cet article que j’avais publi\u00e9 :<\/p>\n

https:\/\/<\/span>outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/l<\/span>a-depression-du-point-de-vue-de-lobjet\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S’il y a bien un aspect du monde contemporain avec lequel je ne m’accorde absolument pas, c’est bien celui qui consiste \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0naturaliser\u00a0\u00bb les affections psychiques. Par exemple, je vois passer un message concernant la d\u00e9pression, qui dit clairement que toute tentative de lui donner du sens (c’est-\u00e0-dire de l’inscrire dans un champ narratif plus…<\/p>\n Read More<\/span> Naturaliser l’esprit<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"Layout":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-danah","post-5999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-philosophie"],"yoast_head":"\nNaturaliser l'esprit - Outside Dana Hilliot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Naturaliser l'esprit - Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S’il y a bien un aspect du monde contemporain avec lequel je ne m’accorde absolument pas, c’est bien celui qui consiste \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0naturaliser\u00a0\u00bb les affections psychiques. Par exemple, je vois passer un message concernant la d\u00e9pression, qui dit clairement que toute tentative de lui donner du sens (c’est-\u00e0-dire de l’inscrire dans un champ narratif plus…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-12T16:56:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"danah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"danah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"danah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#\/schema\/person\/2f9b92e9fff19bccc36638b10510d5ae\"},\"headline\":\"Naturaliser l’esprit\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-12T16:56:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\"},\"wordCount\":887,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#\/schema\/person\/201a1fef0f5c2897bd65e98bcf6b1179\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Philosophie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\",\"name\":\"Naturaliser l'esprit - Outside Dana Hilliot\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-12T16:56:35+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/naturaliser-lesprit\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Naturaliser l’esprit\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/\",\"name\":\"Outside Dana Hilliot\",\"description\":\". 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