{"id":5997,"date":"2025-08-12T16:54:51","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?p=5997"},"modified":"2025-08-12T16:54:51","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:54:51","slug":"des-petites-guerres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/des-petites-guerres\/","title":{"rendered":"Des \u00ab\u00a0petites guerres\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

De l’usage des \u00ab\u00a0petites guerres\u00a0\u00bb et de leurs justifications (notamment dans le cas des \u00ab\u00a0guerres pr\u00e9ventives\u00a0\u00bb cens\u00e9es r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une menace \u00ab\u00a0dans le futur\u00a0\u00bb.)<\/p>\n

Je cite ici une rapide traduction d’un extrait de la conclusion de l’\u00e9tude remarquable de l’historienne Laurent Benton, They Called It Peace: Worlds of Imperial Violence, Princeton 2024.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La production d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9e de justifications pour la \u00ab petite \u00bb violence ne s’est pas arr\u00eat\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Comme le sugg\u00e8rent les exemples cit\u00e9s au d\u00e9but de ce chapitre, la course aux raisons pour justifier l’agression a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 avoir un caract\u00e8re nettement imp\u00e9rialiste. La violence dans des contr\u00e9es lointaines \u00e9tait et est toujours pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sous forme de petits morceaux juridiquement g\u00e9rables, avec des justifications pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans chaque cas \u00e0 l’aide d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments modulaires, certains \u00e9tant commod\u00e9ment \u00e9tir\u00e9s jusqu’\u00e0 des limites douteuses, mais toujours utilisables.<\/p>\n

Le contenu des justifications de l’usage de la force au cours des si\u00e8cles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents s’inscrivait dans des processus familiers et d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s. Les d\u00e9finitions larges de la l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense s’appliquaient \u00e0 des p\u00e9riodes et \u00e0 des lieux tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents. Nous avons vu que la crainte d’une attaque imminente suffisait \u00e0 justifier des raids pr\u00e9ventifs dans les premiers empires. \u00c0 mesure que les garnisons portugaises dans l’oc\u00e9an Indien ou les enclaves anglaises dans les Cara\u00efbes acqu\u00e9raient le caract\u00e8re de communaut\u00e9s politiques, leurs dirigeants pouvaient invoquer la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fendre les communaut\u00e9s familiales. Cette approche a suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la r\u00e9conciliation entre les raids priv\u00e9s et la guerre publique. Bien plus tard, au XIXe si\u00e8cle, les fonctionnaires imp\u00e9riaux continuaient d’expliquer la violence en termes de protection. Ils ont d\u00e9livr\u00e9 des autorisations permanentes pour de petites frappes visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les sujets et ont invent\u00e9 de nouveaux arguments sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats imp\u00e9riaux et l’ordre r\u00e9gional. Les discours \u00e9lastiques sur la l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense et les impulsions apparemment indestructibles de repr\u00e9sailles, qui nous sont encore familiers, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 repris et reformul\u00e9s au fil des si\u00e8cles.
\nLe r\u00eave de maintenir les petites guerres \u00e0 un niveau limit\u00e9 a \u00e9galement persist\u00e9. Quelle que soit la gravit\u00e9 de ses cons\u00e9quences imm\u00e9diates, une violence limit\u00e9e semblait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable \u00e0 une guerre ouverte et \u00e0 des combats sans restriction. L’id\u00e9e d’une guerre limit\u00e9e hantait les r\u00e9cits de violence imp\u00e9riale. M\u00eame les campagnes horribles de d\u00e9possession et d’extermination, comme le massacre et l’exil forc\u00e9 des Aborig\u00e8nes de Tasmanie au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, \u00e9taient d\u00e9crites comme temporaires et n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’ordre. Parmi les failles de cette logique figurait la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 avec laquelle des actes de violence limit\u00e9e courants, tels que des raids ou de br\u00e8ves interventions, conduisaient directement \u00e0 des atrocit\u00e9s. Pourtant, la guerre limit\u00e9e conservait son association avec le r\u00e9tablissement de la paix et la pr\u00e9vention de la violence extr\u00eame.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

https:\/\/<\/span>press.princeton.edu\/books\/hard<\/span>cover\/9780691248479\/they-called-it-peace<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00a0\u00bbindispensable compl\u00e9ment de ce livre est celui de Priya Satia, Times Monster. History, Conscience and Britains Empire. Ces deux ouvrages r\u00e9cents donne un excellent aper\u00e7u des justifications de la violence militaire et\/ou coloniale. \u00c9videmment, nombre de bellig\u00e9rants (et leurs alli\u00e9s) puisent encore aujourd’hui dans ce stock de justifications.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De l’usage des \u00ab\u00a0petites guerres\u00a0\u00bb et de leurs justifications (notamment dans le cas des \u00ab\u00a0guerres pr\u00e9ventives\u00a0\u00bb cens\u00e9es r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une menace \u00ab\u00a0dans le futur\u00a0\u00bb.) Je cite ici une rapide traduction d’un extrait de la conclusion de l’\u00e9tude remarquable de l’historienne Laurent Benton, They Called It Peace: Worlds of Imperial Violence, Princeton 2024. *** \u00ab\u00a0La production…<\/p>\n Read More<\/span> Des \u00ab\u00a0petites guerres\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"Layout":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-danah","post-5997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-guerres"],"yoast_head":"\nDes "petites guerres" - Outside Dana Hilliot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/des-petites-guerres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Des "petites guerres" - Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De l’usage des \u00ab\u00a0petites guerres\u00a0\u00bb et de leurs justifications (notamment dans le cas des \u00ab\u00a0guerres pr\u00e9ventives\u00a0\u00bb cens\u00e9es r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une menace \u00ab\u00a0dans le futur\u00a0\u00bb.) 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