{"id":5888,"date":"2025-04-27T09:42:55","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T09:42:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?p=5888"},"modified":"2025-04-27T09:42:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T09:42:55","slug":"le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/","title":{"rendered":"Le travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(Il s’agit d’une note en bas de page que je r\u00e9digeais ce matin, le genre de note qui vaudra bien un chapitre entier \u00e0 mon avis – faudra juste trouver le moment o\u00f9 le placer ce chapitre\u00a0 Dans le corps principal du texte, il \u00e9tait question de la \u00ab\u00a0cueillette\u00a0\u00bb :<\/p>\n

(…) Pour autant, la cueillette elle-m\u00eame est un travail, une forme d\u2019extraction \u2013 et peut faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une exploitation massive de travailleurs et des travailleuses. On notera ici, ce que Marx relevait d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans le livre I du Capital, que, pour le capitaliste, la nature \u00ab\u00a0ne travaille pas\u00a0\u00bb, ou du moins, que l\u2019usage des produits naturels, que nous appelons de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s caract\u00e9ristique des \u00ab\u00a0ressources\u00a0\u00bb, n\u2019a pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre \u00ab\u00a0pay\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb \u2013 la nature est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une ressource disponible gratuitement \u00e0 qui veut bien s\u2019en servir \u2013 et le capitaliste ne s\u2019en prive pas. Il s\u2019en empare, souvent avec brutalit\u00e9,\u00a0en excluant les autres usagers, s\u2019accapare l\u2019environnement et ses richesses en consid\u00e9rant qu\u2019il en a le droit, et m\u00eame, le devoir, parce que lui seul en a per\u00e7u la valeur, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la survaleur qu\u2019on peut tirer de son exploitation pr\u00e9tendue rationnelle (l\u2019appropriation est justifi\u00e9e par le travail, c\u2019est le premier \u00e9tage de la logique capitaliste qu\u2019on lit d\u00e9j\u00e0 chez Locke, et qu\u2019on nomme le \u00ab\u00a0labour-value argument\u00a0\u00bb. Ou, pour le dire autrement, ce qui est donn\u00e9 gratuitement (par Dieu ou la Nature) \u00ab\u00a0doit \u00eatre\u00a0\u00bb cultiv\u00e9, utilis\u00e9, exploit\u00e9, extrait \u2013 ce devoir lui-m\u00eame rel\u00e8ve, comme le montrera Max Weber, d\u2019une injonction religieuse.<\/p>\n

L\u2019accumulation primitive, et la spoliation, l\u2019expropriation, l\u2019expulsion, les violences extr\u00eames qui accompagnent, et structurent, le colonialisme (et son corollaire, l\u2019esclavagisme), sont justifi\u00e9s par cette injonction. Ce n\u2019est pas pour rien que les luttes contemporaines contre l\u2019extractivisme industriel reposent sur la n\u00e9gation de ce soit-disant principe\u00a0: d\u2019une part, les populations autochtones revendiquent la propre rationalit\u00e9 (et la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9, d\u2019un point de vue \u00e9cologiste) de leur usage en d\u00e9non\u00e7ant l\u2019irrationalit\u00e9 de l\u2019extraction industrielle. D\u2019autre part, on remet \u00e9galement en question l\u2019id\u00e9e de \u00ab\u00a0ressource naturelle\u00a0\u00bb, par exemple en s\u2019effor\u00e7ant de penser tel ou tel partie de l\u2019environnement comme un \u00ab\u00a0sujet\u00a0\u00bb, une rivi\u00e8re, une montagne, une for\u00eat, une barri\u00e8re de corail, l\u2019oc\u00e9an, et les \u00eatres non-humains qui l\u2019habitent. Et donc de leur accorder des droits pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant, et donc limitant, voire interdisant, certaines formes d\u2019exploitation. Ce raisonnement a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en ce qui concerne l\u2019exploitation animale.<\/p>\n

On pourrait toutefois l\u2019\u00e9largir aux \u00eatres non-anim\u00e9s, je pense par exemple aux roches, en consid\u00e9rant que ce que nous consid\u00e9rons comme des \u00ab\u00a0ressources\u00a0\u00bb offertes gratuitement, n\u2019est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 disponible qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019un travail extraordinairement long, litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9ologique\u00a0\u00bb. La plupart des paysages qui nous environnent sont issus d\u2019un travail g\u00e9ologique (et quasiment toujours d\u2019un travail humain, mais aussi animal) qui s\u2019\u00e9tend sur des millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es\u00a0: en les exploitant de mani\u00e8re industrielle, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en d\u00e9truisant en quelques ann\u00e9es ce qui a mis tant de temps \u00e0 \u00e9merger dans l\u2019\u00e9tat o\u00f9 elles le trouvent, les entreprises extractivistes nient la longue histoire de la production des paysages et des environnements \u2013 cette n\u00e9gation s\u2019ajoute \u00e0 la liste du travail que le capitaliste ne paye pas, le travail (de reproduction au sens large) non pay\u00e9 des femmes en premier lieu, et de celles et ceux qui ont pris soin de l\u2019environnement jusqu\u2019ici, y compris des savoirs autochtones (la connaissance des plantes par exemple).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Il s’agit d’une note en bas de page que je r\u00e9digeais ce matin, le genre de note qui vaudra bien un chapitre entier \u00e0 mon avis – faudra juste trouver le moment o\u00f9 le placer ce chapitre\u00a0 Dans le corps principal du texte, il \u00e9tait question de la \u00ab\u00a0cueillette\u00a0\u00bb : (…) Pour autant, la cueillette…<\/p>\n Read More<\/span> Le travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"Layout":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-danah","post-5888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-catastrophe-climatique"],"yoast_head":"\nLe travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature - Outside Dana Hilliot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature - Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Il s’agit d’une note en bas de page que je r\u00e9digeais ce matin, le genre de note qui vaudra bien un chapitre entier \u00e0 mon avis – faudra juste trouver le moment o\u00f9 le placer ce chapitre\u00a0 Dans le corps principal du texte, il \u00e9tait question de la \u00ab\u00a0cueillette\u00a0\u00bb : (…) Pour autant, la cueillette…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-27T09:42:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"danah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"danah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"danah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#\/schema\/person\/2f9b92e9fff19bccc36638b10510d5ae\"},\"headline\":\"Le travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-27T09:42:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\"},\"wordCount\":643,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#\/schema\/person\/201a1fef0f5c2897bd65e98bcf6b1179\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Catastrophe Climatique\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\",\"name\":\"Le travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature - Outside Dana Hilliot\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-27T09:42:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/le-travail-non-paye-de-la-nature\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Le travail non pay\u00e9 de la nature\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/\",\"name\":\"Outside Dana Hilliot\",\"description\":\". 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