{"id":5733,"date":"2025-01-01T20:06:28","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T20:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?p=5733"},"modified":"2025-01-01T20:06:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-01T20:06:28","slug":"birds-nesting-sara-ahmed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/","title":{"rendered":"Birds Nesting (Sara Ahmed)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"En ce samedi matin frais et pluvieux, je vous propose un extrait d’un des livres de ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de Sarah Ahmed, la grande philosophe feministe queer, What\u2032s the Use? On the Uses of Use<\/em> (Duke University Press, 2019).<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9tude sur l’usage (use) s’inscrit dans la continuit\u00e9 de ses travaux ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques, dans lesquels elle suit \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la trace\u00a0\u00bb, avec la finesse incomparable qui est la sienne, les histoires et les signifiants coll\u00e9s (stick) aux \u00ab\u00a0objets\u00a0\u00bb (au sens large, disons : \u00ab\u00a0kleinien\u00a0\u00bb), par lesquels se d\u00e9ploient l’infinie complexit\u00e9 et la diversit\u00e9 des relations qui tissent les mondes de la vie. Dit comme \u00e7a, \u00e7a peut para\u00eetre compliqu\u00e9 : en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, lire Sara Ahmed, une fois qu’on est entr\u00e9 dans sa mani\u00e8re si \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb, si \u00ab\u00a0sensorielle\u00a0\u00bb, si \u00ab\u00a0affective\u00a0\u00bb, de philosopher, s’av\u00e8re une exp\u00e9rience \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9trangement famili\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb – et vous pouvez traduire cette \u00e9tranget\u00e9 avec le mot \u00ab\u00a0queer\u00a0\u00bb en faisant r\u00e9sonner les associations d’id\u00e9es qui lui sont attach\u00e9es. (donc : c’est aussi une exp\u00e9rience de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9-familiarisation\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

Sara Ahmed a explor\u00e9 le champ du bonheur, de la volont\u00e9, du racisme, etc.. en suivant la m\u00e9thode qu’elle avait mise en place dans Queer Phenomenology_ Orientations, Objects, Others<\/em>-Duke University Press (2006) (et d\u00e9j\u00e0 avec Jackie Stacey en 2001, dans l’introduction du volume \u00ab\u00a0Thinking through the skin\u00a0\u00bb, sous le titre de \u00ab\u00a0dermographies\u00a0\u00bb.)<\/p>\n

Typiquement, son \u00e9tude de l'\u00a0\u00bbusage\u00a0\u00bb (use<\/em>) me procure l’envie irr\u00e9sistible d’enseigner \u00e0 nouveau la philosophie -sauf qu’il n’existe que tr\u00e8s peu de \u00ab\u00a0mondes\u00a0\u00bb o\u00f9 un tel enseignement est possible (dans un lyc\u00e9e en France, et m\u00eame \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9, je me ferais jeter vite fait : enseigner la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie f\u00e9ministe queer, c’est un coup \u00e0 finir en prison en ce moment\u00a0 )<\/p>\n

Autre remarque, le texte est quasiment intraduisible. Ma propre traduction, vite faite, frise la nullit\u00e9. Il faudrait de nombreuses heures de cogitations pour trouver un \u00e9quivalent acceptable de \u00ab\u00a0for\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0forness\u00a0\u00bb, par exemple (pour s’en tenir au texte ci-dessous). Si vous avez des suggestions, je suis preneur !<\/p>\n

Je souhaite juste vous donner un \u00ab\u00a0avant-go\u00fbt\u00a0\u00bb (ce pourquoi je livre le texte anglais dans un autre message). Pour autant, la langue de Sara Ahmed est loin d’\u00eatre aussi \u00ab\u00a0jargonneuse\u00a0\u00bb que celle de Husserl (qu’elle ne cite quasiment jamais) (quoique la langue de Husserl ne l’est sans doute pas tant que \u00e7a dans le texte allemand original, pas plus que celle de Freud par exemple, ou Marx ou Weber).<\/p>\n

J’ai eu la chance de suivre, en deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de philosophie, les cours de Nathalie Depraz sur Husserl, et je baignais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque comme un poisson dans l’eau dans le lexique et la logique du grand ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologue allemand (une \u00e9cole redoutable pour se former l’esprit soit-dit en passant : je conseille d’y passer quelques temps si vous souhaitez vous consacrer \u00e0 la philosophie). Rien d’aussi compliqu\u00e9 avec Sara Ahmed (mais lire l’anglais aide beaucoup, faut admettre !)<\/p>\n

Je cite donc cet extrait qui fait allusion \u00e0 la photographie reproduite sur la couverture de l’ouvrage, cette bo\u00eete aux lettres qui change d’usage et devient un nid pour oiseaux :<\/p>\n

BIRDS NESTING. PLEASE DO NOT USE THIS BOX. MANY THANKS.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un trop rapide traduction (voir mes remarques dans le message pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent) :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0J\u2019ai not\u00e9 que la fonctionnalit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vue peut se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 qui quelque chose est destin\u00e9 (who something is for) ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 ce \u00e0 quoi quelque chose est destin\u00e9 (what something is for). La bo\u00eete postale n\u2019est pas utilis\u00e9e comme elle \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e l\u2019\u00eatre : elle sert de refuge \u00e0 des oiseaux qui font leur nid. En \u00e9tant utilis\u00e9e par les oiseaux, la bo\u00eete postale est devenue un nid. L\u2019utilisation queer peut \u00e9galement signifier que quelque chose est utilis\u00e9 par ceux \u00e0 qui il n\u2019est pas destin\u00e9. Le fait qu\u2019une bo\u00eete postale puisse devenir un nid nous apprend quelque chose sur la bo\u00eete postale. La m\u00eame forme qui lui permet de fonctionner comme une bo\u00eete postale lui permet de fonctionner comme un nid (il y a un trou pour permettre l\u2019entr\u00e9e et un espace vide pour permettre \u00e0 ceux qui sont assez petits pour s\u2019y loger de s\u2019y loger). Nous apprenons \u00e0 conna\u00eetre la forme lorsqu\u2019un changement de fonction n\u2019exige pas un changement de forme. Les diff\u00e9rentes utilisations d\u2019une m\u00eame chose changent la fa\u00e7on dont nous nous r\u00e9f\u00e9rons \u00e0 cette chose : un changement de \u00ab qui \u00bb comme un changement de \u00ab quoi \u00bb. Lorsque la bo\u00eete postale devient un nid, elle cesse d\u2019\u00eatre une bo\u00eete postale. Un panneau est n\u00e9cessaire pour enregistrer la transition (sinon les lettres d\u00e9logeraient les oiseaux).<\/p>\n

Nous pourrions noter qu\u2019il aurait pu \u00eatre d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9jecter les oiseaux afin de permettre \u00e0 la bo\u00eete postale de rester fonctionnelle. Mais les oiseaux n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9ject\u00e9s, ils ont re\u00e7u des droits de r\u00e9sidence, ce qui signifie que la bo\u00eete postale est actuellement un nid et qu\u2019elle n\u2019est plus en circulation en tant que bo\u00eete postale. Lorsque les oiseaux partiront, ce que nous appelions une bo\u00eete postale pourrait redevenir une bo\u00eete postale. Une chose est ce qu\u2019elle fournit ou permet, et c\u2019est ainsi que ce qu\u2019une chose \u00ab est \u00bb peut fluctuer sans rien changer au niveau de la forme physique. Nous pourrions donc dire que la vraie chose est la bo\u00eete postale et qu\u2019elle s\u2019est retir\u00e9e (une vraie bo\u00eete postale pourrait toujours \u00eatre retir\u00e9e parce que m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019elle est utilis\u00e9e, elle est plus que ce \u00e0 quoi elle sert). Ou bien nous pourrions dire que la bo\u00eete postale est devenue temporairement un nid, mais qu\u2019en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 elle reste une bo\u00eete postale. Ces deux fa\u00e7ons d\u2019aborder la relation entre l\u2019\u00eatre et l\u2019usage rendent compte de ce que j\u2019essaie de sugg\u00e9rer ici. Se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 quelque chose comme une bo\u00eete postale, c\u2019est se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 un usage d\u2019une chose ou m\u00eame \u00e0 un usage qui n\u2019est pas une chose. L\u2019usage d\u2019une chose peut amener cette chose \u00e0 l\u2019existence : pour (for, sa \u00ab destination \u00bb, \u00ab ce pour quoi elle est faite \u00bb) est avant (The use of a thing can bring that thing into existence : for is before). Ce n\u2019est pas parce qu\u2019une chose vient \u00e0 l\u2019existence dans un but pr\u00e9cis qu\u2019il faut confondre ce \u00e0 quoi elle \u00e9tait destin\u00e9e avec ce qu\u2019elle est ou peut \u00eatre. La description de la raison d\u2019\u00eatre d\u2019une chose est un compte rendu partiel de ce qu\u2019elle peut \u00eatre. La forness (le fait d\u2019\u00eatre destin\u00e9 \u00e0 quelque usage) permet de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler la partialit\u00e9 d\u2019une existence (Forness helps reveal the partiality of an existence). For (\u00ab ce \u00e0 quoi une chose est destin\u00e9e \u00bb : for) peut \u00eatre suffisamment l\u00e2che pour accueillir d\u2019autres personnes ; for peut \u00eatre une ouverture, tout comme l\u2019ouverture de la bo\u00eete aux lettres peut permettre aux oiseaux d\u2019entrer.<\/p>\n

L\u2019usage peut impliquer des all\u00e9es et venues. Nous pouvons \u00e9galement penser \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du pot qui s\u2019est cass\u00e9 et qui doit \u00eatre mis hors service parce qu\u2019il ne peut plus servir. La mise hors service signifie que le pot est devenu immobile et qu\u2019il est rest\u00e9 vide, rempli de souvenirs mais pas d\u2019eau. Et maintenant, peut d\u00e9buter une autre histoire d\u2019utilisation : un pot cass\u00e9 peut servir d\u2019abri \u00e0 un insecte ; un pot immobile peut constituer un abri plus s\u00fbr qu\u2019un pot qui servait encore \u00e0 transporter de l\u2019eau.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Le texte original en anglais :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0I have noted that intended functionality can refer to whom something is for as well as what something is for. The postbox is not being used as it was intended to be used : it is providing a home for nesting birds. In being used by the birds, the postbox has become a nest. Queer use can also mean when something is being used by \u00adthose for whom it was not intended. That a postbox can become a nest still tells us something about the postbox. It can provide such a home \u00adbecause of its shape and form ; the same shape and form that enables it to function as a postbox enables it to function as a nest (\u00adthere is a hole to enable entry and empty space to enable a home for \u00adthose who are small enough to fit). We learn about form when a change in function does not require a change in form. Dif\u00adfer\u00adent uses of the same \u00adthing change how we refer to the \u00adthing : a who change as a what change. When the postbox becomes a nest, it ceases to be a postbox. A sign is needed to register the transition (other\u00adwise the letters would dislodge the birds).<\/p>\n

We might note that a decision could have been made to eject the birds in order to enable the postbox to stay functional. But the birds were not ejected ; they \u00adwere given rights of residence, which means the postbox is currently a nest and is out of circulation as a postbox. When the birds leave, the thing we called a postbox might return to being a postbox. Something is what it provides or enables, which is how what something \u201cis\u201dcan fluctuate without changing anything at the level of physical form. So we could say the real \u00adthing is the postbox and that it has withdrawn(a real postbox might always be withdrawn \u00adbecause even when it is being used, it is more than what it is for). Or we might say that the postbox has become a nest temporarily but \u00adreally it is still a postbox. Neither ways of addressing the relation of being and use capture what I am trying to suggest \u00adhere. To refer to something as a postbox is to refer to a use of a \u00adthing or even a use not a thing. The use of a thing can bring that thing into existence : for is before. Just because something comes to exist for a purpose, we should not confuse what it was intended for with what it is or can be. Describing what something is for is a partial account of what it can be. Forness helps reveal the partiality of an existence. For can be loose enough to accommodate \u00adothers ; for can be an opening just like the opening of the postbox can allow the birds to enter.<\/p>\n

Use can involve comings and goings. And we can think too, then, of the story of the pot that has broken, that has to be taken out of use, \u00adbecause it can no longer be of use. To be taken out of use means that the pot has become stationary, as well as remaining empty, filled with memories but not water. And now, another story of use can begin : a broken pot can provide a home for an insect ; a stationary pot might provide a safer home than a pot that was still being used to carry water.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En ce samedi matin frais et pluvieux, je vous propose un extrait d’un des livres de ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de Sarah Ahmed, la grande philosophe feministe queer, What\u2032s the Use? On the Uses of Use (Duke University Press, 2019). Cette \u00e9tude sur l’usage (use) s’inscrit dans la continuit\u00e9 de ses travaux ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques, dans lesquels elle suit \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0…<\/p>\n Read More<\/span> Birds Nesting (Sara Ahmed)<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"Layout":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[109,111,80],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-danah","post-5733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-feminisme","category-philosophie","category-queer"],"yoast_head":"\nBirds Nesting (Sara Ahmed) - Outside Dana Hilliot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Birds Nesting (Sara Ahmed) - Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En ce samedi matin frais et pluvieux, je vous propose un extrait d’un des livres de ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de Sarah Ahmed, la grande philosophe feministe queer, What\u2032s the Use? On the Uses of Use (Duke University Press, 2019). Cette \u00e9tude sur l’usage (use) s’inscrit dans la continuit\u00e9 de ses travaux ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques, dans lesquels elle suit \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-01T20:06:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/49901cd82c1192a9.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"578\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"893\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"danah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"danah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"danah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#\/schema\/person\/2f9b92e9fff19bccc36638b10510d5ae\"},\"headline\":\"Birds Nesting (Sara Ahmed)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01T20:06:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\"},\"wordCount\":1901,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#\/schema\/person\/201a1fef0f5c2897bd65e98bcf6b1179\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/49901cd82c1192a9.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Feminisme\",\"Philosophie\",\"Queer\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\",\"name\":\"Birds Nesting (Sara Ahmed) - Outside Dana Hilliot\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/49901cd82c1192a9.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01T20:06:28+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/49901cd82c1192a9.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/49901cd82c1192a9.png\",\"width\":578,\"height\":893},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/birds-nesting-sara-ahmed\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Birds Nesting (Sara Ahmed)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/\",\"name\":\"Outside Dana Hilliot\",\"description\":\". 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