{"id":3795,"date":"2020-12-01T09:46:36","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T09:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/?p=3795"},"modified":"2020-12-01T13:06:35","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T13:06:35","slug":"les-secours-en-montagne-dans-lantiquite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/les-secours-en-montagne-dans-lantiquite\/","title":{"rendered":"Les secours en montagne dans l’antiquit\u00e9 (!)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un petit bonbon antique pour d\u00e9marrer cette journ\u00e9e pluvieuse (et possiblement neigeuse, en tous cas bien fra\u00eeche).<\/p>\n

Plutarque, dans son trait\u00e9 sur les causes du froid (= Moralia <\/em>249e-f)<\/em>, mentionne \u00ab\u00a0en passant\u00a0\u00bb (ces anecdotes font souvent le d\u00e9lice des scholars) un \u00e9pisode hivernal assez go\u00fbteux. Je cite ici la vieille traduction de Ricard (1844) attrap\u00e9e sur le site Remacle.org.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0D’ailleurs, \u00e0 en juger par les sens, le froid est ce qu’il y a de plus dur : il communique la duret\u00e9 aux autres corps et les rend capables de r\u00e9sistance. Th\u00e9ophraste dit que si on jette par terre des poissons que le froid a gel\u00e9s, ils se brisent en morceaux comme des vases de verre ou d’argile. Vous avez vous-m\u00eame entendu dire \u00e0 Delphes que ceux qui all\u00e8rent au secours des Bacchantes, que la neige et un vent violent avaient surprises sur le sommet du Parnasse, [953d] eurent leurs manteaux tellement gel\u00e9s par la rigueur du froid, qu’ils devinrent roides comme du bois, et qu’ils se d\u00e9chiraient quand on voulait les \u00e9tendre. Un froid excessif engourdit les nerfs et les prive de mouvement ; il suspend l’usage de la langue, et par sa duret\u00e9 il glace les parties molles et humides du corps.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Plutarque occupa durant quatre d\u00e9cennies (85-125) la charge de pr\u00eatre d’Apollon \u00e0 Delphes : quand il \u00e9voque les traditions autour du fameux sanctuaire oraculaire, on peut consid\u00e9rer qu’il est de source s\u00fbre. Le traducteur Ricard parle ici des \u00ab\u00a0Bacchantes\u00a0\u00bb, mais il faudrait en \u00e9tant plus pr\u00e9cis traduire ici les \u00ab\u00a0Thyades\u00a0\u00bb, ces femmes, des mortelles ou des nymphes, d\u00e9di\u00e9es au culte de Dyonisos. Dans la tradition Delphique, Thyia \u00e9tait la na\u00efade d’une source sur le mont Parnasse \u00e0 Phocis (Gr\u00e8ce centrale), fille du dieu fluvial Cephissus. Son sanctuaire se situait sur le site du rassemblement des Thyiades (femmes qui c\u00e9l\u00e9braient dans les orgies du dieu Dionysos). Elle aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 sacrifier \u00e0 Dionysos et \u00e0 c\u00e9l\u00e9brer des orgies en son honneur. Les femmes de l’Attique, qui se rendaient chaque ann\u00e9e au mont Parnasse pour c\u00e9l\u00e9brer les orgies dionysiaques avec les Thyiades de Delphes, se sont venues d\u00e9cerner le nom de Thyades ou Thyiades (qu’on conna\u00eet ailleurs sous le nom de M\u00e9nades).<\/p>\n

Thyades, Nymphes, Na\u00efades, ou M\u00e9nades, mortelles ou immortelles, les noms diff\u00e8rent selon les lieux, mais le lien avec Dyonisos est fr\u00e9quent. \u00c0 Delphes, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du fameux sanctuaire d’Appolon, un autre autel \u00e9tait d\u00e9di\u00e9 au dieu du vin et des \u00e9lans extatiques. Un des rituels d’hommage au dieu, consistait pour les femmes \u00e0 s’en aller danser sur les pentes abruptes et les hauteurs du Mont Parnasse, qui plus est en plein hiver, puisque le culte rendu \u00e0 Dyonisos se d\u00e9roulait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en hiver.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Il para\u00eet difficile d’imaginer que les femmes Grecques aillent s’aventurer dans des conditions pareilles sur la montagne enneig\u00e9e, mais, sous l’empire de l’extase Dyonisiaque, tout est possible n’est-ce pas ? (j’ai le souvenir de montagnards qui se sont perdus en montagne apr\u00e8s d’\u00eatre lanc\u00e9, fort avin\u00e9s, dans d’improbables et absurdes exp\u00e9ditions – lesquelles se terminent parfois assez mal). Plutarque en tous cas en t\u00e9moigne \u00ab\u00a0en passant\u00a0\u00bb, et ajoute qu’on devait parfois d\u00e9p\u00eacher des secours sur place, qui, en pleine tourmente et par un froid glacial, au risque de leur vie, partaient \u00e0 a recherche de ces danseuses d\u00e9lirantes. (leur manteau pris par la glace se brisaient quand on essayait de les d\u00e9plier).<\/p>\n

Pausanias qui naquit dix ans avant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de Plutarque, raconte, dans son extraordinaire Description de la Gr\u00e8ce<\/em> (Livre X,4,3), \u00ab\u00a0en passant\u00a0\u00bb lui aussi, qu’il a rencontr\u00e9 ces Thyades et discut\u00e9 avec elles d’un point de d\u00e9tail d\u2019ex\u00e9g\u00e8se Hom\u00e9rique (comme \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque de Plutarque, les officiants autour des sanctuaires servaient aussi de guides touristiques et de \u00ab\u00a0conservateurs\u00a0\u00bb des antiquit\u00e9s).<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Quant au nom de Callichoros qu’Hom\u00e8re donne \u00e0 Panopes, je n’aurais jamais pu en deviner la raison, si je ne l’avais apprise de celles qu’on nomme \u00e0 Ath\u00e8nes les Thyiades. Ces Thyiades sont des femmes de l’Attique qui vont tous les deux ans sur le Parnasse, o\u00f9, avec des femmes de Delphes, elles c\u00e9l\u00e8brent des orgies en l’honneur de Bacchus. Ces Thyiades forment des ch\u0153urs de danse sur la route d’Ath\u00e8nes \u00e0 Delphes en diff\u00e9rents endroits, entre autres \u00e0 Panopes ; et le surnom qu’Hom\u00e8re donne \u00e0 cette ville me para\u00eet avoir rapport \u00e0 cette danse des Thyiades.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Je note aussi que les \u00ab\u00a0secours en montagne\u00a0\u00bb du Mont Parnasse font \u00e9cho \u00e0 certaines traditions cultuelles li\u00e9es aux M\u00e9nandes, lesquelles \u00e9taient \u00ab\u00a0poursuivies\u00a0\u00bb par les hommes durant ces festivit\u00e9s nocturnes assez d\u00e9brid\u00e9es semble-t-il. (Ce n’est qu’un des aspects des rituels Dyonisiaques, qui ont pu donner lieu \u00e0 des traditions mystiques plus \u00ab\u00a0sages\u00a0\u00bb, notamment le courant Orphique, et qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 probablement li\u00e9s aux Myst\u00e8res d’\u00c9leusis)<\/p>\n

Si jamais vous croisez cet hiver, lors d’une escapade en montagne, quelques danseuses \u00e9chevel\u00e9es, hagardes et peu v\u00eatues, c’est peut-\u00eatre parce que, sans y avoir pris garde, vous aurez emprunt\u00e9 quelque faille spatio-temporelle cach\u00e9e derri\u00e8re un rocher.<\/p>\n

\"\"
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, la jeunesse de Bacchus, 1884.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un petit bonbon antique pour d\u00e9marrer cette journ\u00e9e pluvieuse (et possiblement neigeuse, en tous cas bien fra\u00eeche). Plutarque, dans son trait\u00e9 sur les causes du froid (= Moralia 249e-f), mentionne \u00ab\u00a0en passant\u00a0\u00bb (ces anecdotes font souvent le d\u00e9lice des scholars) un \u00e9pisode hivernal assez go\u00fbteux. Je cite ici la vieille traduction de Ricard (1844) attrap\u00e9e…<\/p>\n Read More<\/span> Les secours en montagne dans l’antiquit\u00e9 (!)<\/span><\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3801,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"Layout":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-danah","post-3795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-antiquites"],"yoast_head":"\nLes secours en montagne dans l'antiquit\u00e9 (!) - Outside Dana Hilliot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/outsiderland.com\/danahilliot\/les-secours-en-montagne-dans-lantiquite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les secours en montagne dans l'antiquit\u00e9 (!) - Outside Dana Hilliot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un petit bonbon antique pour d\u00e9marrer cette journ\u00e9e pluvieuse (et possiblement neigeuse, en tous cas bien fra\u00eeche). Plutarque, dans son trait\u00e9 sur les causes du froid (= Moralia 249e-f), mentionne \u00ab\u00a0en passant\u00a0\u00bb (ces anecdotes font souvent le d\u00e9lice des scholars) un \u00e9pisode hivernal assez go\u00fbteux. 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